Geological and Mineralogical Exploration of Basement Rocks in the Xarardheere Area, Mudug Region, Somalia

This study investigates the geological and mineralogical characteristics of basement rocks in the Xarardheere area, central Mudug Region, Somalia. The region is part of the Precambrian crystalline basement of East Africa, yet remains poorly studied. Through detailed field mapping, petrographic analysis, and mineralogical investigations, the study identifies key lithologies including granitic gneisses, amphibolites, and mica schists. Petrographic observations under polarized light revealed mineral assemblages dominated by quartz, feldspars, biotite, and hornblende, with accessory minerals such as zircon and opaque phases. Textural relationships suggest multiple deformation and metamorphic events, supported by observed foliation, folding, and mineral alignment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided further confirmation of mineral phases and detected alteration zones, possibly linked to fluid-rock interactions. The findings contribute valuable data to the understanding of Somalia’s Precambrian basement and offer insights into its tectonometamorphic evolution. This research establishes a foundation for future work in geochronology, structural geology, and mineral resource assessment, particularly in an area with limited previous study. The outcomes hold significance for regional geological correlation and potential applications in mineral exploration and geotechnical development.