Multi-methods integration for accurate and fast multi-scale geological mapping: 2D and 3D

Cartographic surveying relies on an iterative methodology of continuous and reciprocal validation between discrete field observations and continuous spatial representations—such as digital stereo and mono photogrammetry, orthomosaics, hillshades, and satellite radar interferometry—derived from Earth Observation (EO) techniques. Today, EO methods offer such high spatial resolution that they may seem to reduce the need for fieldwork. At the same time, advances in high-performance tablets and dedicated software are transforming classical field practices. These digital tools can replace traditional “paper and pencil” methods and allow geologists to consult and analyze EO data directly in the field. This integration enhances the efficiency and responsiveness of the iterative process required for fast and accurate field-based cartography.

Over the past five years, we have mapped approximately 840 km² at a 1:10 000 scale as part of the Geological Atlas of Switzerland. This extensive effort has involved detailed geological, geomorphological, and phenomena mapping across diverse terrains. In this contribution, we present best practices developed through this work to support efficient, accurate, and modern mapping workflows. Our experience shows how the combination of fieldwork, high-resolution EO data, and advanced digital tools results in more reliable cartographic products.